Here is the Proof of Routh’s Theorem to find the area of the triangle formed by pairwise intersections of three Cevians of the triangle.

Find the ratio of the Areas of ∆PQR & ∆ABC. If in the given triangle AD, BE & CF are the Cevians, drawn such that

Cevian: A line that intersects a triangle’s vertex and the side opposite that vertex.

$\frac{CD}{BD}=x$.

$\frac{AE}{EC}=y$.

$\frac{BF}{FA}=z$.

$\frac{BC}{DC}×\frac{DP}{PA}×\frac{AF}{FB}=1$.

$\frac{a(1+x)}{xa}×\frac{DP}{PA}×\frac{c}{zc}=1$.

$\frac{DP}{PA}=\frac{xz}{1+x}$.

$\frac{AP}{AD}=\frac{AP}{AP+PD}=\frac{1+x}{1+x+xz}$.

$\frac{AP}{AD}=\frac{1+x}{1+x+xz}$…….(i)

$\frac{BC}{DC}=\frac{a(1+x)}{ax}=\frac{1+x}{x}$……….(ii)

Equation (i)÷(ii)

Area of ∆APC/Area of ∆ABC=x/(1+x+xz)

Area of ∆APC=x∆/(1+x+xz)…………. (Area of ∆ABC=∆)

Similarly,

Area of ∆AQB=y∆/(1+y+xy)

Area of ∆BRC=z∆/(1+z+yz)

Now, ar(∆PQR) =ar(∆ABC) – ar(∆APC +∆AQB+∆BRC)

=∆*[1 – x/(1+x+xz) – y/(1+y+xy) – z/(1+z+yz)]

$\frac{ar(∆PQR)}{ar(∆ABC)}=\frac{(xyz-1)^2}{(xy+y+1)(yz+z+1)(zx+x+1)}$

## Application of Routh’s Theorem

Que 1: If CD:BD=BF:FA=AE:EC=2:1

Then x=y=z=2

In this case,

$\frac{ar(∆PQR)}{ar(∆ABC)}=\frac{(x^3-1)^2}{(x^2+x+1)^3}$

Put x=2 in this equation

ar(∆ABC)=7×ar(∆PQR)

Que 2: In the above figure, if AF: FB= 4:7, BD: DC=2:3 & CE: EA= 1:5 then find how much percentage is the △PQR of the △ABC (by area)?

Solution: To find the values of x,y & z. We can take either clockwise data or anti-clockwise data.

It means that in each case the answer will be the same.

The Routh’s Theorem:

$\frac{ar(∆PQR)}{ar(∆ABC)}=\frac{(xyz-1)^2}{(xy+y+1)(yz+z+1)(zx+x+1)}$.

Put, $x=5, y=\frac{3}{2}, z=\frac{7}{4}$.

$\frac{ar(∆PQR)}{ar(∆ABC)}=\frac{97^{2}}{41\times 27\times 46}=\frac{9,409}{50,922}$.

ar(△PQR)=18.5% of ar(△ABC) …….Approximately